A significant number of adults in Canada, although aware of the health benefits, do not achieve the recommended levels of physical activity, and discrepancies between individuals’ perceptions of their neighbourhoods and the actual built environment can influence their physical activity choices. Utilizing data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey and the Canadian Active Living Index, this project explores the relationships between perceived walkability, actual walkability, and physical activity, paying particular attention to specific subpopulations, including older adults, women, racialized minorities, immigrants, and those of lower socioeconomic status. Aligned with broader national priorities focused on creating healthier and more equitable urban environments, this research aims to reveal how people's perceptions of their neighbourhood built environment might either amplify or counteract the influence of actual neighbourhood built characteristics on physical activity. Findings from this work hold potential to shape context and population-specific public health strategies and urban design initiatives geared toward enhancing physical activity and improving population health.